Having diarrhea is no fun as it is commonly associated with the feeling of discomfort and embarrassment.  But nearly everybody gets it once in a while and it is usually caused by gastrointestinal (GI) infections.  Symtoms of GI infections include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and often times fever as well. 

Which germs are responsible for this infection depends on the geographic area a person lives in and its level of sanitation, economic development and hygiene standards.  In developed countries like the United States, outbreak of diarrhea are often caused by food poisoning.  Food poisoning happens when certain toxins made by bacteria in food that is not handled, stored, or cooked properly make a person sick. 

When a GI infection is caused by a virus, as is the case in most cases, it is called Viral Gastroenteritis.  There are many viruses that can cause diarrheal illness.  Viral Gastroenteritis can pass through a household quickly because it is highly contagious.  Fortunately, it typically resolves on its own in a few days.  For healthy adults, it is a common but minor inconvenience.  But for small children and people with chronic illnesses such as Diabetes and High Blood Pressure, it can lead to dehydration that requires urgent medical attention.

The incubation period for viral infections can range from 4 to 48 hours. These infections are highly contagious and can spread from person to person via dirty hands, contaminated food or water and sometimes pets. Most cases are contagious for as long as a person has diarrhea, but sometimes the infections can be contagious for even longer.  The most effective way to prevent them is to wash your hands frequently.

Sometimes despite our best efforts, it is impossible to prevent GI infections.  The most important, initial treatment for them is to drink adequate amount of fluids and prevent dehydration.  If you feel very tired and lethargic, your skin feels dry, or if you notice blood in the stool, you should seek medical attention right away.  You should also see a medical provider if you are unable to keep fluids down due to vomiting or if your symptoms last for more than 3 days.

(Source:  Journal of American Family Physician)